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Postumus (praenomen)
Postumus is a Latin ''praenomen'', or personal name, which was most common during the early centuries of the Roman Republic. It gave rise to the patronymic ''gens Postumia'', and later became a common ''cognomen'', or surname. The feminine form is ''Postuma''. The name was not regularly abbreviated, but is sometimes found as Pos. or Post.〔''Dictionary of Greek & Roman Biography & Mythology''〕〔''Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft''〕〔''De Praenominibus'' (epitome by Julius Paris)〕
Postumus was used by both patrician and plebeian ''gentes'', including the Aebutii, Antistii, Cominii, Livii, Mimesii, Plautii, Sempronii, Sulpicii, and Veturii; and naturally it must once have been used by the ancestors of ''gens Postumia''. Other ''gentes'' which later used it as a cognomen may originally have used it as a praenomen. Because it was not a common name, there are few examples of the feminine form, but Marcus Terentius Varro listed it together with other archaic praenomina that were no longer in general use by the 1st century BC, and Plutarchus mentions that it was given to the youngest daughter of the dictator Lucius Cornelius Sulla, who lived during Varro's time.〔''Dictionary of Greek & Roman Biography & Mythology''〕〔''Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft''〕〔Marcus Terentius Varro, quoted in ''De Praenominibus'' (epitome by Julius Paris)〕〔Plutarchus, ''Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans''〕〔George Davis Chase, "The Origin of Roman Praenomina", in ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', vol. VIII (1897)〕
==Origin and meaning==
Popular etymology connects this ''praenomen'' with the modern adjective ''posthumous'', meaning ''after death'', from the Latin roots for ''after'' and ''earth'' (as a metaphor for burial), and assume that it was given to children born after the death of their fathers. Such associations date from at least the time of Varro, and probably contributed to the scarcity of the name. A similar example of false etymology probably limited the use of the praenomen ''Opiter''.〔Marcus Terentius Varro, quoted in ''De Praenominibus'' (epitome by Julius Paris)〕〔Mika Kajava, ''Roman Female Praenomina: Studies in the Nomenclature of Roman Women'' (1994)〕〔''Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft''〕
But in fact, the name is derived from the adjective ''postumus'', meaning "last" (the superlative of ''posterus'', "next"). The name was thus given to a youngest child, son, or daughter. Naturally, this also applied to children born after the death of their father, and this coincidence is no doubt responsible for much of the confusion about the meaning of the praenomen.〔''Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft''〕〔Mika Kajava, ''Roman Female Praenomina: Studies in the Nomenclature of Roman Women'' (1994)〕
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